Wood (木)

Most wood instruments are of the ancient variety:
Zhu (Chinese: 柷; pinyin: zhù) - a wooden box that tapers from the top to the bottom, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark the beginning of music in ancient ritual music
Yu (Chinese: 敔; pinyin: yǔ) - a wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by hitting a stick with an end made of approximately 15 stalks of bamboo on its head three times and across the serrated back once to mark the end of the music
Muyu (simplified Chinese: 木鱼; traditional Chinese: 木魚; pinyin: mùyú) - a rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, struck with a wooden stick; often used in Buddhist chanting
Paiban (拍板) - a clapper made from several flat pieces of wood; also called bǎn (板), tánbǎn (檀板), mùbǎn (木板), or shūbǎn (书板); when used together with a drum the two instruments are referred to collectively as guban (鼓板)
Zhuban (竹板, a clapper made from two pieces of bamboo)
Chiban (尺板)
Bangzi (梆子) - small, high-pitched woodblock; called qiaozi (敲子) or qiaoziban (敲子板) in Taiwan
Nan bangzi (南梆子)
Hebei bangzi (河北梆子)
Zhui bangzi (墜梆子)
Qin bangzi (秦梆子)

Stone (石)

The "stone" category comprises various forms of stone chimes.
Bianqing (simplified Chinese: 编磬; traditional Chinese: 編磬; pinyin: biānqìng) - a rack of stone tablets that are hung by ropes from a wooden frame and struck using a mallet
Teqing (特鐘) - a single large stone tablet hung by a rope in a wooden frame and struck using a mallet

Metal (金)

Bianzhong (編鐘) - 65 to 100 bronze bells hung on a rack, struck using poles
Fangxiang (simplified Chinese: 方响; traditional Chinese: 方響; pinyin: fāngxiǎng; Wade-Giles: fang hsiang) - set of tuned metal slabs (metallophone)
Nao (鐃) - may refer to either an ancient bell or large cymbals
Shangnao (商鐃) - ancient bellphoto
Bo (鈸; also called chazi, 镲子) - cymbals
Xiaobo (小鈸, small cymbals)
Zhongbo (中鈸, medium cymbals; also called naobo (鐃鈸) or zhongcuo
Shuibo (水鈸, literally "water cymbals")
Dabo (大鈸, large cymbals)
Jingbo (京鈸)
Shenbo (深波) - deep, flat gong used in Chaozhou music; also called gaobian daluo (高边大锣)
Luo (simplified Chinese: 锣; traditional Chinese: 鑼; pinyin: luó) - gong
Daluo (大锣) - a large flat gong whose pitch drops when struck with a padded mallet
Fengluo (风锣) - literally "wind gong," a large flat gong played by rolling or striking with a large padded mallet
Xiaoluo (小锣) - a small flat gong whose pitch rises when struck with the side of a flat wooden stick
Yueluo (月锣) - small pitched gong held by a string in the palm of the hand and struck with a small stick; used in Chaozhou music
Jingluo (镜锣) - a small flat gong used in the traditional music of Fujian [3]
Pingluo (平锣) - a flat gong[5]
Kailuluo (开路锣)
Yunluo (simplified Chinese: 云锣; traditional Chinese: 雲鑼) - literally "cloud gongs"; 10 or more small tuned gongs in a frame
Shimianluo (十面锣) - 10 small tuned gongs in a frame
Qing (磬) - a cup-shaped bell used in Buddhist and Daoist ritual music
Daqing (大磬) - large qing
Pengling (碰铃; pinyin: pènglíng) - a pair of small bowl-shaped finger cymbals or bells connected by a length of cord, which are struck together
Dangzi (铛子) - a small, round, flat, tuned gong suspended by being tied with silk string in a round metal frame that is mounted on a thin wooden handlephoto; also called dangdang (铛铛)
Dianqing (引磬) - an inverted small bell affixed to the end of a thin wooden handlephoto
Yunzheng (云铮) - a small flat gong used in the traditional music of Fujian [4]
Chun (錞; pinyin: chún) - ancient bellphoto
Weichun (帷錞) - ancient hanging bell
Bronze drum (铜鼓)
Laba (喇叭) - A long, straight, valveless brass trumpet

Clay (土)

Xun (埙, Chinese: 塤; pinyin: xūn) - ocarina made of baked clay
Fou (Chinese: 缶; pinyin: fǒu) - clay pot played as a percussion instrument

Gourd (匏)

Sheng (Chinese: 笙; pinyin: shēng) - free reed mouth organ consisting of varying number of bamboo pipes inserted into a metal (formerly gourd or hardwood) chamber with finger holes
Baosheng (抱笙) - larger version of the Sheng
Yu (Chinese: 竽; pinyin: yú) - ancient free reed mouth organ similar to the sheng but generally larger
He (Chinese: 和; pinyin: he) - ancient free reed mouth organ similar to the sheng but smaller
Hulusi (simplified Chinese: 葫芦丝; traditional Chinese: 葫蘆絲; pinyin: húlúsī) - free-reed wind instrument with three bamboo pipes which pass through a gourd wind chest; one pipe has finger holes and the other two are drone pipes; used primarily in Yunnan province
Hulusheng (simplified Chinese: 葫芦笙; traditional Chinese: 葫蘆笙; pinyin: húlúshēng) - free-reed mouth organ with a gourd wind chest; used primarily in Yunnan province

Hide (革)

Dagu - (大鼓) - large drum played with two sticks
Huapengu (花盆鼓) - flowerpot-shaped large drum played with two sticks; also called ganggu (缸鼓)
Huzuo Dagu (虎座大鼓)
Huzuo Wujia Gu (虎座鳥架鼓)
Jian'gu (建鼓)
Bangu (板鼓) - small, high pitched drum used in Beijing opera
Biangu (扁鼓) - flat drum, played with sticks
Paigu (排鼓) - set of three to seven tuned drums played with sticks
Tanggu (堂鼓) - medium-sized barrel drum played with two sticks; also called tonggu (同鼓) or xiaogu (小鼓)
Biqigu (荸荠鼓) - a very small drum played with one stick, used in Jiangnan sizhu
Diangu (点鼓; also called huaigu, 怀鼓) - a double-headed frame drum played with a single wooden beater; used in the Shifangu ensemble music of Jiangsu province and to accompany to kunqu opera
Huagu (花鼓) - flower drum
Yaogu (腰鼓) - waist drum
Taipinggu (太平鼓) - flat drum with a handle; also called dangu (单鼓)
Zhangu (战鼓 or 戰鼓) - war drum; played with two sticks
Bajiao gu (八角鼓) - octagonal tambourine used primarily in narrative singing from northern China zh:八角鼓
Yanggegu (秧歌鼓) - rice planting drum
Bofu (搏拊) - ancient drum used to set tempo
Jiegu (羯鼓) - hourglass-shaped drum used during the Tang Dynasty
Tao (鼗; pinyin: táo) or taogu (鼗鼓) - a pellet drum used in ritual music
Bolang Gu (拨浪鼓；pinyin: bo lang gu）-a traditional Chinese pellet drum and toy

Others

Gudi (骨笛) - an ancient flute made of bone
Hailuo (海螺) - conch shell [5]
Lilie (唎咧) - reed wind instrument with a conical bore played by the Li people of Hainan
Lusheng (simplified Chinese: 芦笙; traditional Chinese: 蘆笙; pinyin: lúshēng) - free-reed mouth organ with five or six pipes, played by various ethnic groups in southwest China and neighboring countries
Kouxian (口弦) - Jew's harp, made of bamboo or metal
Muye (木叶) - tree leaf used as a wind instrument